For Tesla to operate a steering wheel-less robotaxi, it may need to introduce geo-fenced, mapped environments—similar to Waymo’s approach. Tesla has also floated the idea of launching its own ride-hailing service, called the “Tesla Network,” but this has yet to materialize.

Tesla reported a smaller-than-expected rise in third-quarter deliveries on Wednesday as incentives and financing deals failed to lure enough customers for its aging electric vehicles, sending shares down more than 6%.